Ptlls Ground Rules Essay Example

Ptlls Ground Rules Essay Example Ptlls Ground Rules Essay Ptlls Ground Rules Essay Analyse different ways in which you would establish ground rules with your learners, which underpin behaviour and respect for others. How I would establish ground rules for learners would depend on age and experience of the learning group. I would expect an older and more experienced group of learners to be more mature and establish ground rules based on how they would expect people to behave in a group-learning environment, for example a popular mantra is â€Å"treat others how you would expect to be treat yourself†. Ground rules provides a structure for people who may be nervous about returning to an educational environment, as they know what to expect and what is expected from them. Treating the group as adults, and respecting their opinions would be a personal ground rule. However, some ground rules may need flexibility. For example, learners with vocal Tourette syndrome would be excused from using industrial language during outbursts. As a teacher, I would ask the group to contribute to the rules. This can be used following an ice breaking session, allowing the students to grow within the group by providing their thoughts, and discussing some rules which may not be as popular as others. This, according to Gravells, in â€Å"Preparing to teach in the lifelong learning sector† (2008) is believed to be one of the best ways of establishing the rules, and preventing future class disruption. If any rule were not unanimous, a vote amongst the learning group would decide on inclusion or omission. Unfortunately, some rules will be forced upon the group, e. g. health and safety, and these should be made known prior to the ground rule discussion, so the group can consider them. Another would be punctuality. This is important as disruption from one group member could taint the learning environment for all.

Lithification Defined and Explained

Lithification Defined and Explained Lithification is how soft sediments, the end product of erosion, become rigid rock (lithi- means rock in scientific Greek). It begins when sediment, like sand, mud, silt and clay,  is laid down for the last time and becomes gradually buried and compressed under new sediment. Sediments Fresh sediment is usually loose material that is full of open spaces, or pores, filled with air or water. Lithification acts to reduce that pore space and replace it with a solid mineral material. The main processes involved in lithification are compaction and cementation. Compaction involves squeezing the sediment into a smaller volume by packing the sediment particles more closely, by removing water from the pore space (desiccation) or by pressure solution at the points where sediment grains contact each other. Cementation involves filling pore space with solid minerals (usually calcite or quartz) that are deposited from solution or that enable existing sediment grains to grow into the pores. The pore space does not need to be eliminated for lithification to be complete. All of the processes of lithification can continue to modify a rock after it has first become a rigid solid. Diagenesis Lithification occurs entirely within the early stage of diagenesis. Other words that overlap with lithification are induration, consolidation, and petrifaction. Induration covers everything that makes rocks harder, but it extends to materials that are already lithified. Consolidation is a more general term that also applies to the solidification of magma and lava. Petrifaction today refers specifically to the replacement of organic matter with minerals to create fossils, but in the past it was more loosely used to mean lithification. Alternate Spellings: lithifaction